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Minimum effective dose (MinED)
Recent studies showed a strong relationship between intestinal tight junction loss and urinary claudin-3 levels in both a rat hemorrhagic shock model and in patients suffering from IBD or necrotizing enterocolitis, or undergoing major surgery, thereby suggesting that measurement of urinary claudin-3 can be used to some extent as non-invasive marker for intestinal tight junction loss [17]
IV t herapy provides rapid rehydration and fluid balance, quickly restoring fluids lost due to illness, heat, or exertion
Wang W, Uzzau S, Goldblum SE, Fasano A
In the UK, hydroxocobalamin injections are prescription-only medicines and should only be administered when clinically indicated