WHO and EMA Warnings About Semaglutide and NAION In June 2025, the World Health Organization alerted healthcare professionals and regulatory authorities to the risk of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) associated with semaglutide medications, including Ozempic, Rybelsus, and Wegovy
Whilst the medication itself does not directly deplete specific vitamins, the associated reduction in food intake and altered eating patterns can create nutritional gaps
Understanding these trials, what they measure, and what the results mean, is essential for anyone tracking this compound
A blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 126 women aged 45-65 tested a 0.1% cream twice daily and found real improvements in crow's feet and frown lines using a precise 3D skin-mapping technique
Gastrointestinal side effects affect up to 40% of patients beginning GLP-1 therapy, with gas and bloating ranking among the most common complaints during the first 48 weeks of treatment
3 Ethanol metabolism and oxidative stress in ALD 3.1 Ethanol metabolism in ALD In a healthy liver, ethanol is primarily metabolized through three main pathways: (1) The Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) System: ADH, an oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent enzyme (Masia et al., 2018), converts NAD + to reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) while oxidizing ethanol to acetaldehyde (Michalak et al., 2021)