B12 deficiency can result from dietary factors such as a lack of animal products or from conditions affecting absorption like pernicious anaemia or gastrointestinal surgery
Red Blood Cell Formation: B12 is needed for making red blood cells, preventing anemia and ensuring oxygen delivery
You are injecting a liquid thats going to disperse into the muscle and sit there for a while, so there may be a little bit of soreness related to that. Other common side effects include diarrhea, headache, and swelling (and not only at the site of the injection)
This includes kids, older adults, pregnant and nursing moms, and those with kidney or liver problems
Parry Strong A, Haeusler S, Weatherall M, Krebs J (2016) Sublingual vitamin B12 compared to intramuscular injection in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin: a randomized trial
Relationship to meals Injecting on a full stomach vs an empty stomach does not affect subcutaneous absorption