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As diabetic patients often become resistant to insulin, such a gut hormone offered hope for a novel treatment
Learn more about our approach: What is GLP-1
Abbreviations T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus IL-6: Interleukin-6 TNFa: Tumor necrosis factor- LEPR: Leptin-receptor POMC: Proopiomelanocortin MSH: Melanocyte-stimulating hormone MC4R: Melanocortin-4-receptor LEP: Leptin LPS: Lipopolysaccharide Th: T helper cell DSS: Dextran sulfate sodium NK cells: Natural killer cells INF: Interferon- IgE: Immunoglobulin E NO: Nitric oxide Gro: Growth-regulated protein NFB: Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells MC1R: Melanocortin-1-receptor SIRS: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome FDA: Food and Drug Administration EMA: European Medicines Agency CCL2: Chemokine CC motif ligand 2 CXCL10: C-X-C motif chemokine 10 CNS: Central nervous system UPR: Unfolded protein response pathway TLR: Toll-like receptors JNK1: Janus kinase 1 MCP1: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 CVD: Cardiovascular diseases VCAM1: Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 M1: Macrophage type 1 HFD: High-fat diet ATM: Adipose tissue macrophage DIO: Diet-induced obesity UCP2: Uncoupling protein 2 ROS: Reactive oxygen species CRP: C-reactive protein SOCS3: Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 JAK: Janus kinase STAT: Signal transducer and activator of transcription GIP: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide 1 GIPR: GIP receptor GLP-1R: GLP-1 receptor GLP-1RA: GLP-1 receptor agonists NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis MACE: Major adverse cardiovascular event MS: Multiple sclerosis EAE: Experimental autoimmune encephalitis TGF: Transforming growth factor IRS-1: Insulin receptor substrate 1 RHM: Recruited hepatic macrophage HSC: Hepatic stellate cells NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease FFA: Free fatty acid AGE: Advanced glycation end product References Seki H, Tani Y, Arita M (2009) Omega-3 PUFA derived anti-inflammatory lipid mediator resolvin E1
In that case, you can place the injection on Monday or Tuesday, so the strongest days fall in midweek
N Engl J Med 2016
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