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Due to the risk of aspiration, you may need to avoid eating for longer than usual before a planned surgery

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Dietary adjustments form the cornerstone of reflux management: Eat smaller, more frequent meals rather than large portions, which can overwhelm the already-slowed gastric emptying Identify and avoid your personal trigger foods common examples include fatty or fried foods, chocolate, caffeine, alcohol, spicy foods, citrus fruits, and tomato-based products, but triggers vary between individuals Reduce carbonated beverages , which can increase gastric distension and pressure Finish eating at least 3 hours before lying down to allow partial gastric emptying before assuming a horizontal position Stay well hydrated throughout the day, but avoid drinking large volumes with meals Positional and lifestyle measures can also provide significant relief: Elevate the head of the bed by 1520 cm using blocks or a wedge pillow, allowing gravity to reduce nocturnal reflux Avoid tight-fitting clothing around the abdomen, which can increase intra-gastric pressure Maintain a healthy weight , as excess adiposity increases reflux risk Stop smoking , as tobacco weakens the lower oesophageal sphincter Pharmacological options may be considered in consultation with your GP or diabetes specialist

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Both are common among patients with diabetes and obesity, yet until recently, treatment options were mostly limited to lifestyle interventions or devices like continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machines

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