However, the current available antibody assay has low sensitivity and studies have found that antibodies are only detectable in 4060% of pernicious anaemia cases, so a negative test cannot categorically exclude pernicious anaemia[18,19]
Investigations are guided by clinical suspicion rather than routine panels: for example, thyroid function tests and ferritin may be checked if symptoms suggest deficiency or thyroid disease, while an androgen profile may be appropriate in women presenting with menstrual irregularity, hirsutism, or acne
Red coloured solution for injection in the treatment for vitamin B12 deficiency
Tonolini and Magistrelli, 2017)
Vitamin B-12 Directions Use as directed by your veterinarian
This injection is typically administered into the muscle, allowing for quick absorption and sustained effects