acetyl l carnitine athletic performance L-CARNITINE L-Carnitine, Athletic Performance and Longevity

Oxidative stress is caused due to an imbalance between production of reactive oxygen species (free radicals) and effectiveness of antioxidant defense

Multiple organ protection models PLoS ONE Safety Data Safety Profile from Research Preclinical Safety Summary Toxicity (in vitro)None at research doses Dermal applicationExtensively safety-tested Cu deliveryPhysiological levels 50+ year researchNo serious concerns Regulatory & Risk Considerations FDA statusNot approved therapeutically Injectable human dataVery limited Copper overloadTheoretical at high doses Long-term systemicNot studied GHK-Cu has an excellent dermatological safety record in topical applications

First, NAM may reduce the activity of NAD-consuming enzymes, such as PARPs, by acting as a competitive inhibitor

Increased prolidase activity and oxidative stress in PCOS

doi: 10.1073/pnas.0701600104 41 KurosuHChoiMOgawaYDicksonASGoetzREliseenkovaAVKuro-OMet al

What Marcus didn't experience: he did not reverse two decades of age-related change in a single protocol