For glutamine, more targeted trials are needed to clarify its independent roles in glycemic regulation, immune responsiveness to vaccination (Monteiro et al., 2020), postoperative recovery (Nishizaki et al., 2015
Protective Effect of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides and Capsaicin in Rats With Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis via Anti-inflammation and Antioxidation
Salvioni L, et al
Other factors expressed by astrocytes, including VEGF, glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and angiopoietin-1, mediate angiogenesis and recruitment of TJ proteins, contributing to BBB development and maintenance (Cabezas et al., 2014
Phase 2 Side-Effect Frequencies at 4.5 mg/week (Lancet 2021) Side Effect Nausea Incidence at 4.5 mg/week 47% Side Effect Injection-site reactions Incidence at 4.5 mg/week 43% Side Effect Constipation Incidence at 4.5 mg/week 21% Side Effect Fatigue Incidence at 4.5 mg/week 20% Side Effect Allergic reactions (any) Incidence at 4.5 mg/week 10% Side Effect Vomiting Incidence at 4.5 mg/week 8% Side Effect Loose stools Incidence at 4.5 mg/week 7% Side Effect Headache Incidence at 4.5 mg/week 7% Side Effect Indigestion Incidence at 4.5 mg/week 4% Incidence was lower at lower doses
However, with all its benefits, there are some risks and side effects to consider just like with any treatment