It also modulates serotonin and dopamine
Both conditions destroy the cells of the stomach lining and reduce the production of hydrochloric acid, thereby affecting the absorption of vitamin B12 from food
Other issues, like atrophic gastritis (a thinning of the stomach lining), reduce the production of stomach acid, which is essential for releasing B12 from food
Because peptide therapies are still an emerging area of medicine, quality and sourcing are extremely important
None of those questions has a vague answer
Over time, regular injections of B12 can contribute to improved energy levels, better mood, and enhanced cognitive function