Nat Commun (2021) 12(1):7268
Kikuchi Y, Hayatsu M, Hosokawa T, Nagayama A, Tago K, Fukatsu T
If you're considering copper peptides: start low, go slow, give it years
Amongst others, it processes metabolites from tobacco , alcohol and therapeutic drugs
In addition, betaine increases the villus height and crypt depth and by maintaining the tight junctional protein complexes prevents luminal antigens/microbial translocation from the gut to the liver ( Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) Alcohol-associated liver disease is liver damage that arises from excessive consumption of beverages that contain ethyl alcohol (ethanol) ( Alcohol-associated liver disease encompasses a broad spectrum of pathologies, including steatosis (fatty liver), which can progress to steatohepatitis [steatosis with inflammation and necrosis and fibrosis (Figure 1)]
Salts of proteins and peptides are well known in the art