It's one tool within a structured clinical program that includes nutrition counseling, regular monitoring, and a clear plan for what comes next when the course is complete
Probiotics such as Akkermansia muciniphila strengthen the gut lining and may boost hormone output
Functional medicine providers may use peptide therapy for leaky gut (intestinal hyperpermeability), IBS, IBD-related symptoms, gastritis or ulcer recovery, post-antibiotic dysbiosis, and chronic GI inflammation
The B12 even taken in large doses is considered risk-free and safe
doi: 10.1146/annurev.genet.40.110405.090442 216 MubaiwaT
Body composition measurements Body weight was measured weekly throughout the study, between 09:00 and 10:00, unless otherwise stated