Comparison to Other Routes Intravenous: 100% bioavailability (by definitionthe full dose enters circulation) Subcutaneous: Likely 6090% bioavailability (depends on absorption rate) Oral: ~38% systemic bioavailability This is why some researchers hypothetically prefer injected routeshigher bioavailability means lower nominal doses are needed
A consultation is recommended
While you can supplement with a bit more than this (many supplements have 15 to 30 mg), you should not exceed the tolerable upper intake of 40 mg per day from food and supplements combined, unless supervised by a doctor
Abnousian, A., Vasquez, J., Sasaninia, K., Kelley, M., & Venketaraman, V
Available online at: (Accessed September 1, 2022)
Subcutaneous injection bypasses first-pass hepatic metabolism, delivering more active peptide to target tissues