Stress, fatigue and brain fog as well as reduced physical stamina are common side effects of vitamin B12 deficiency
As we age, our brains capacity to process, recall, and adapt can diminish
Comprehensive GSH Antioxidant Function Review (PubMed, 2023) GSH as the Central Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant in Mammalian Cells A comprehensive review of reduced glutathione (GSH) published on PubMed confirmed that GSH is an essential non-enzymatic antioxidant in mammalian cells that acts directly to protect cells against free radicals and pro-oxidants, and as a cofactor for antioxidant and detoxification enzymes including glutathione peroxidases, glutathione S-transferases, and glyoxalases
PMID: 16583442
While these would not cause pernicious anaemia, they could further deplete serum vitamin B12 levels and contribute towards the development of a symptomatic vitamin B12 deficiency
GPX4 was mostly colocalized with neuromelanin in SN neurons (Figure 1C)