Mechanistically, exercise mimetics are not mere onoff switches for single pathways but rather modulators of interconnected signaling networks
In contrast, GPX4 levels are ubiquitous in tumors and most tissues
Diabetes 8 , 120129 (2017)
What this implies: if the vial remains sealed, in a cool, dry, dark place (ideally under refrigeration or freezing, with minimal humidity), you can reasonably expect 2-3 years of viability in the lyophilized state
Also, addition of trichloroacetic acid or the bis-amide urea (NH 2 CONH 2 ) is commonly used to effect protein precipitation
When combined with IV therapy, the results are powerful: relief in the short term, with long-term strategies to stop the recurrence at its roots