How GLP-1s Work in the Body Slow gastric emptying (food stays in the stomach longer) Increase satiety signals to the brain Reduce appetite and overall intake Improve insulin response and glycemic control While these effects support metabolic health, slower digestion is also what sets the stage for GI symptoms, including reflux. Digestive Impact of GLP-1s: What the Research Shows Increased Upper GI Symptoms One of the most consistent findings across GLP-1 clinical trials is the high rate of gastrointestinal side effects
The AACE/ACE guidelines note that selecting between agents should consider patient preference for injection frequency, cost and insurance coverage, tolerability history, and whether a dual GIP/GLP-1 mechanism (tirzepatide) offers incremental benefit for an individual patient's metabolic profile [19]
The result is immediate, sometimes dramatic, abdominal distension
Association of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists With Gastrointestinal Adverse Events . JAMA , 2023
Sip fluids regularly rather than consuming large amounts at once, which may worsen nausea
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