As put by the authors of a 2019 review on drug-phospholipid complexes, the combined affinity for fats and water means that phospholipids function as emulsifiers that enhance absorption and, therefore, bioavailability.4 Indeed, a 1990 human study found that a silymarin-phospholipid complex resulted in plasma levels of silybin (silymarin's main active component) that were more than double the amount provided by an equal quantity of pure silymarin 298ng/mL versus 102ng/mL per 120mg of silybin.34 Given the science behind phospholipid-based drug delivery, we can conclude that Life Extension is likely capable of delivering more per-dose silymarin, as well as isolated silybin, than either NOW or HUM (neither of which uses phospholipids)
10.1016/j.ajog.2020.01.054 97 PaschouS
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In 2024, a study by Schmitt et al., involving a significantly larger cohort of 2023 participants, confirmed that smokers ( n = 418) exhibited higher levels of circulating eryptotic erythrocytes compared to non-smokers ( n = 1000) and ex-smokers ( n = 605) [441]