They penetrate beneath the epidermis and stimulate fibroblasts in the deeper layers, repairing damaged scalp tissue and improving overall skin tone and texture
This, in turn, boosts metabolic rate and activates a gene known as sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), also referred to as the "longevity gene." SIRT1 is involved in reducing the risk of various conditions such as diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, liver disease, neurodegeneration, and cancer.
Aging Cell 10(4):604621
Kalghatgi and Spina then did a series of biochemical tests, which showed that the same three antibiotics damaged the DNA, proteins and lipids of cultured human cells exactly what one would expect from oxidative stress
Vasta, V., Ng, S
Both methods have resulted in good surgical outcomes, and the approach is typically selected according to surgeon preference