Whilst both berberine and GLP-1 agonists may influence glucose metabolism and body weight, they achieve these effects through entirely different pharmacological pathways
GLP-1 is a promising target for the treatment of depression because impaired neurogenesis ability and the reduction of neuronal differentiation leads to multiple depressive pathological symptoms
Thus we performed a systematic review with meta-analysis of existing head-to-head studies comparing the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 analogues with the DPP-4 inhibitors [28][37] to provide a more accurate and rigorous statistical analysis
For instance, tirzepatide, sold under the brand name Zepbound, binds to both GLP-1 and GIP receptors
Mast cell stabilisers such as sodium cromoglicate (available as nasal spray and eye drops) are an additional option, particularly for eye symptoms or as an adjunct in allergic rhinitis
The safety profile in unsupervised use, with research-grade (non-GMP) peptides, may differ substantially