A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 95 patients with irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease and normal B12 levels found no significant improvements in fatigue, although B12 levels increased in the B12 group who received 1000 g per day per os (p.o.) for 8 weeks (form not reported)
FDA GRAS determination (2007): The FDA reviewed AOD-9604's toxicology data and granted Generally Recognized As Safe status for oral use as a food ingredient
Therapy with bovine pancreatic enzyme extracts is not sufficient to restore cobalamin absorption in dogs with EPI, as intrinsic factor appears to be species-specific
The major differences lie in mechanism and efficacy , not in how you administer the medication
A low-risk adjunct is better than disengagement
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