Overall, the multimorbidity of depression and T2DM involves shared genetic risk factors and multiple underlying biological mechanisms, including HPA axis dysregulation, pro-inflammatory states, gut-brain axis interactions, and insulin signaling alterations, which can affect neurotransmission
Objective To examine the real-world risk of AF comparing GLP-1RA with other non-insulin glucose-lowering agents
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea were typically the most common gastrointestinal adverse events, occurring in up to 48.4%, 23.2%, and 23.1% of participants, respectively, with events occurring predominantly during dose escalation and decreasing over time [10, 37, 43, 45,46,47]
These injections reduce inflammation and provide temporary pain relief lasting weeks to months
Separately, another study suggested that longer durations of GLP-1RA treatment may help sustain weight loss even after discontinuation, although this hypothesis remains to be validated
Laragh, 1962