The 0.9% benzyl alcohol content serves a dual purpose: it prevents microbial proliferation and it extends the usable life of the vial after the first puncture
And, ultimately, exasperation for patients
The people who are at the highest risk of B12 insufficiency or deficiency are older adults, those with atrophic gastritis, gastrointestinal disorders, pernicious anemia, those who have had gastrointestinal surgery, vegans, and vegetarians
Frontiers in Pharmacology , 12, 627533
Link Novel tricyclic small-molecule inhibitors of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase for the treatment of metabolic disorders
377(2):153159 Gastric pentadecapeptide body protection compound BPC 157 and its role in musculoskeletal tissue models Bock-Marquette I, Maar K, Maar S, Lippai B, Faskerti G, Gallyas F Jr, Olson EN, Srivastava D., International Immunopharmacology , 2023