Vitamin C plays an important role to keep glutathione in its reduced form so that it can continue to provide free radical-quenching effects [2-5]
Figure 4 Statements Author contributions J-YM documented paper, drew figures, and summarized data
Chronic oxidative stress is linked to a wide range of diseases, including: Cardiovascular disease : ROS damage endothelial cells lining blood vessels, promoting atherosclerosis and hypertension.[9] Neurodegenerative disorders : Oxidative damage to neurons is a key driver in conditions like Alzheimers, Parkinsons and ALS.[10] Diabetes and insulin resistance : Oxidative stress impairs insulin signaling and worsens glycemic control.[10] Cancer : DNA mutations caused by free radical damage may initiate or accelerate tumor development.[11] Autoimmune conditions : Oxidative stress can trigger inflammatory pathways, contributing to immune dysregulation.[9] Even outside of these conditions, oxidative stress contributes to fatigue, slower recovery, immune suppression and premature aging at the cellular level
Supports Cardiovascular Health Vitamin B12 helps to lower levels of homocysteine, an amino acid that, when elevated, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases
Unlike other ingredients like biotin and keratin, copper peptides improve skin elasticity and absorb more deeply
Interestingly, NAC has been used in medicine for decades as a treatment for paracetamol overdose and is recognised by the WHO as an essential medicine