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Pharmacol Biochem Behav 46 : 423426 Moreau JL, Jenck F, Martin JR, Mortas P, Haefely WE

Several in vitro and in vivo results have expanded the role of these molecules from potentiating glucose-stimulated insulin secretion to promoting -cell survival under different stressful environments by favoring proliferation, neogenesis and resistance to apoptosis ( via secretion of IGF-2 from the same cells ( In agreement with experimental studies, GLP-1 analogues, particularly liraglutide, sustain the maintenance of -cell function in obese individuals with early T2D, and these effects are presumably independent of weight loss ( Further, experimental data suggest that the pro-survival action of GLP-1RAs may also be mediated by the Akt-dependent stimulation of the mTORC1/S6K1 pathway, the activation of which is dependent upon the IGF-1R, as observed in rodent islet cells ( in vitro , exendin-4 lost the ability to activate this pathway, suggesting that GLP-1 analogues may restore -cell proliferation via autocrine or paracrine activation of IGF-1R ( In concert, these results define a new scenario of action for incretin-based therapy that may involve the adipo-insular axis, linking the weight lowering competence with the sustained protection of -cells from diabetogenic stressors

Exploring Bupropion/Naltrexone Combo Another potential strategy is the use of a bupropion/naltrexone combination, which has shown promise in managing weight and supporting metabolic health

We do not have convincing human data that metabolic impairment precedes plaques, tangles, or the widespread noncell-autonomous degeneration visible in tissue

A tiny, carefully compounded dose of naltrexone that's become a favorite in integrative wellness circles for supporting comfort, energy, and everyday balance

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab Physiol Appl Nutr Metab