What they found (summary): MC1R: melanogenesis, pigmentation, anti-inflammation MC2R: ACTH receptor in the adrenals (Melanotan II does not act) MC3R: energy, cardiovascular function, anti-inflammation MC4R: appetite (central control), sexual function, autonomic regulation MC5R: exocrine glands (sebaceous, lacrimal, salivary) Mutations in MC4R are the most common monogenic cause of obesity in humans Why it matters: Cones review article is the reference article for all of melanocortin pharmacology
It's important to remember that this pain is not just normal period cramps because it happens on its own
Observed side effects in research settings are generally mild and may include temporary nausea-related observations, flushing-related observations, headache-related observations, fatigue-related observations, administration-site irritation, pigmentation variability, pigmentation variability involving freckles or moles, and temporary appetite-related response variability depending on research amount, UV exposure, administration frequency, skin type, and individual physiological sensitivity
ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, Bannuru RR, Brown FM, Bruemmer D, Collins BS, Cusi K, Das SR, Gibbons CH, Giurini JM, Hilliard ME, Isaacs D, Johnson EL, Kahan S, Khunti K, Kosiborod M, Leon J, Lyons SK, Gabbay RA (2022) Standards of care in diabetes2023
The benefits of increasing GLP-1 levels Produced primarily in the intestines, GLP-1 is a hormone that prods the pancreas to produce blood sugar-balancing insulin
2022: nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2206038 The Obesity Society: obesity.org British Menopause Society