Additional file 7: Table S6
Looking at the evidence, orforglipron is roughly as effective as max-dose subcutaneous semaglutide injections, even at sub-maximal doses (24mg likely being the sweet spot, albeit with a less aggressive titration schedule)
Additionally, there are ongoing clinical trials to further explore the effectiveness of long-acting GLP-1s in individuals with T1D and insulin resistance
In November 2025, the Trump administration announced landmark agreements with Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk reducing the monthly price of GLP-1 weight-loss drugs from over $1,000 to as low as $245 for eligible patients
Key Takeaways Mazdutide is a dual GLP-1/glucagon agonist: Developed by Innovent Biologics, it activates GLP-1 and glucagon receptors but NOT GIP Tirzepatide is a dual GLP-1/GIP agonist: FDA-approved compound activating different second receptor than Mazdutide Retatrutide is a triple agonist: Activates all three receptors (GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon) for most comprehensive coverage Glucagon receptor activation distinguishes Mazdutide: Different metabolic pathway from Tirzepatide despite both being "dual agonists" Regulatory status differs: Tirzepatide is FDA-approved
Documentation of thyroid antibody status (anti-thyroid peroxidase, anti-thyroglobulin) helps characterize the underlying etiology
