Primary site of GLP-1 secretion are L-cells in small intestine and colon, but it is also secreted by the pancreatic cells and neurons in nucleus tractus solitarus in the brainstem
A lot of people dont notice anything the first time they drink on a GLP-1
The protein machinery of the ETC is composed of five enzyme complexes and two electron mobility carriers including the complex I (CI, NADHubiquinone oxidoreductase), complex II (CII, succinate dehydrogenase, SxDH), complex III (CIII, cytochrome bc1 oxidoreductase), complex IV (CIV, cytochrome c oxidase), ATP synthase, and the electron mobility carriers ubiquinone and cytochrome c (Kobayashi et al., 2023)
Athletes aiming for lean muscle may choose L-Carnitine, while those needing cognitive enhancement often go for ALCAR
Importantly, these medications carry a boxed warning and are contraindicated in patients with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN2)
And it's consistent with the broader pattern we keep seeing with this drug class: GLP-1 receptors turning up in places nobody expected, doing things nobody predicted