Song KS, Lee WJ, Chung KC, Koo JS, Yang EJ, Choi JY, Yoon JH: Interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha induce MUC5AC overexpression through a mechanism involving ERK/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases-MSK1-CREB activation in human airway epithelial cells
Diabetes causes inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase via activation of PKA, which contributes to oxidative stress in rat kidney cortex
Works well alongside: Hyaluronic acid Niacinamide Ceramides Gentle moisturizers and lipid-based moisturizers Daily SPF (non-negotiable) Microneedling LED therapy Chemical peels (during the healing phase, not the same day as the peel) Keep separate from: Vitamin C AHAs and BHAs High-strength retinoids The simplest workaround is to alternate
For participants who had been taking liraglutide an earlier-generation GLP-1 receptor agonist the same meta-analysis found a smaller mean weight regain of 2.20 kg over the follow-up period (Berg et al., 2025)
They're not working against your biology
The standard escalation protocol starts at 0.25 mg/week and progresses through 0.5, 1.0, 1.7, and 2.4 mg/week maintenance doses