Unlike other vitamins, B12 has extremely low toxicity and excess levels are excreted or stored in the liver
GLP-1 MEDICATIONS FOR WEIGHT LOSS Mechanism of Action GLP-1 receptor agonists, such as semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy) and liraglutide (Saxenda), mimic the action of the endogenous GLP-1 hormone
Although there have been no specific trials to show cardiorenal benefit for GLP-1RA or SGLT2i when used as first-line therapy or as monotherapy or in newly diagnosed T2D, the benefit seen in the CV outcome trials has not been found to vary with the duration of diabetes, suggesting that similar benefits might be seen early in the course of disease.4 The benefits are also not dependent on the presence of metformin
Interestingly, ACE2 overexpression by GLP-1RA promotes the generation of anti-inflammatory Ang1-7 and reduces pro-inflammatory AngII
Increased risk of heart failure hospitalization with GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with reduced ejection fraction: a meta-analysis of the EXSCEL and FIGHT trials
Since joints contain a lot of collagen-rich connective tissue, they can also be affected by vitamin C deficiency