Clinical and experimental studies determine significant reductions in markers of gastrointestinal inflammation, such as CRP and TNF-, following IF interventions, suggesting its role in attenuating systemic and local inflammation [82, 83]
Current estimates range from 25 to 30 g/day (124), but this has not been validated in populations with depression
The class is not uniformly effective, even topically: a controlled irradiated-rat study found no benefit of topical GHK-Cu on flap ischaemia, vessel number/area or VEGF versus control a clean negative that tempers enthusiasm for the whole class [11]
The compound is still in Phase 3 trials focused primarily on weight loss efficacy
Brand-name pens have a 21-day limit at room temperature
Authors interpretation The study authors suggest these results are an early yet optimistic indicator that GLP1RAs might represent a new pharmacologic approach for BED and BN through both metabolic and neurobiological mechanisms