A key challenge in studying native GLP-1 is its extremely short in vivo half-life of approximately 12 minutes, owing to rapid inactivation by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), which cleaves the N-terminal His-Ala dipeptide from GLP-1 to produce the inactive metabolite GLP-1(936)amide
However, some individuals may experience mild stomach discomfort or nausea after taking Tylenol on an empty stomach, although this is relatively rare
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The appropriate choice depends on individual health history, financial considerations, and comfort with regulatory distinctions
"I'm just not sure that in the next six to nine months we're really going to know that GLP-1s are giving people an unfair advantage or are so risky that we need to ban them," Koller said