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IGF-DES Receptor Binding Specificity Competitive binding and receptor cross-linking experiments confirmed that both IGF-1 and des-(1-3)IGF-1 bind exclusively to the type 1 IGF receptor in L6 myoblasts, rat vascular smooth-muscle cells, and human lung fibroblasts with des-(1-3)IGF-1 demonstrating greater apparent potency in these assays, attributable to its low affinity for the competing 38 kDa IGFBP rather than differences in intrinsic receptor affinity
the chelated GHK-Cu form minimizes this risk by ensuring controlled release of the copper ion
doi:10.1042/bj2690001
Monami M, Candido R, Pintaudi B, Targher G, Mannucci E
Boost energy, mood, metabolism, and focus with high-potency B12 injections delivered monthly and guided by telehealth care