25(OH)VD, insulin, glucose, GSH, protein carbonyl, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) assays Plasma levels of 25(OH)vitamin D were determined using an ELISA kit (Calbiotech, Spring Valley, CA), levels of insulin were determined using ELISA kits from ALPCO Diagnostics (Salem, NH)
A ten-week study involving 25 participants with an average age of 53who had moderate hyperpigmentation and visible signs of skin agingevaluated a product containing 0.5% retinol, 4.4% niacinamide, 1% resveratrol, and 1.1% hexylresorcinol
References: Phang-Lyn S, Llerena VA
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Effectiveness Advantage: Astaxanthin+ by Innerbody Labs To evaluate effectiveness, we looked at how closely each product aligned with the doses, formulations, and ingredients that have produced measurable results in human clinical research