T., Madsen, S
No peer-reviewed study has investigated PDA as a distinct molecule
When GLP-1 signaling is impaired as is common in insulin resistance, Type II diabetes, and chronic metabolic dysfunction the consequences are widespread: blood sugar instability, persistent hunger, difficulty losing weight, and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline
GI Symptoms (24%) Constipation, diarrhea, or bloating may occur early
2004, Ed Masson, Barcelona Hvas AM, Juul S, Nexo E, Ellegaard J: Vitamin B-12 treatment has limited effect on health-related quality of life among individuals with elevated plasma methylmalonic acid: a randomized placebo-controlled study
The FDA prescribing information includes a boxed warning regarding thyroid C-cell tumors observed in rodent studies, though the relevance to humans remains uncertain