Mitochondrial dysfunction compromises the energy supply of ATP to neurons, calcium homeostasis and leads to high levels of ROS that accelerate the mutation rate of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and lipoperoxidation of neuronal membranes, causing decomposition of PUFAs and the formation of highly reactive end products: malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) (the most toxic species related to cell damage and apoptosis) (Petrozzi et al., 2007
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If you are unsure where to start or which nutrients your body needs most, using a tool like the Health Quiz can help you narrow down your options based on your specific health goals and lifestyle
Specifically, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation are the primary focus of this chapter as they are all closely related to NADPH oxidase function
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Additional Synergistic Nutrients Other compounds, such as alpha-lipoic acid, N-acetylcysteine, and zinc, are often included in antioxidant therapies to maximize efficacy