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Arthritis: Inflammation/degeneration of bone or cartilage that comes in a variety of flavors, so to speak, including: osteoarthritis degeneration of the cartilage in the shoulder joint
Absorption problems Even with adequate intake, absorption can be reduced by: Certain gastrointestinal conditions affecting the stomach or small intestine Some medications Age-related reduction in stomach acid (which can affect absorption) Autoimmune gastritis (often historically referred to as pernicious anaemia) This is a well-recognised cause of B12 deficiency and may require ongoing management
Long-Term Medication Users Medications such as metformin (used for diabetes) and proton pump inhibitors (used for acid reflux) can interfere with B12 absorption when taken long term, making supplementation necessary
Cycle length: 8 to 16 weeks on, followed by 4 to 8 weeks off
Thats what the Harvard study found, too: High intake of vitamin B12 alone was not associated with increased fracture risk
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