Flanagan JL, Simmons PA, Vehige J, Willcox MD, Garrett Q (2010) Role of carnitine in disease
513 Studies suggest that the anti-inflammatory and metabolic effects of GLP-1RAs might also influence the progression of liver diseases, including HCC
Its mechanisms include: Nitric oxide modulation regulates blood flow and inflammation at injury sites Growth factor upregulation increases EGF, FGF, and VEGF expression Gut-brain axis signaling systemic effects mediated through the GI tract Dopaminergic system interaction neuroprotective properties BPC-157 is unique among healing peptides because it works systemically through the gut , even when administered locally
doi: 10.15605/jafes.037.02.14
Cell Transplant 21(11):24412454
Combining antiangiogenic agents, such as saikosaponin b2 which targets the VEGF/ERK/HIF-1 pathway, with immunotherapy enhances treatment efficacy