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Keywords: GLP-1RAs, GLP-1/GIP dual receptor agonist, tirzepatide, clinical pharmacology, T2DM, obesity, neuroprotection Introduction Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a small-peptide hormone

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Pretreatment with exendin (939) completely blocked the anti-allodynic effects of both systemic and intrathecal morroniside administration [73]

This shows that care must be taken in interpreting blood measurements, and that ideally one would like to conduct experiments in which both intracellular and extracellular concentrations are measured