Since the incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), are major regulators of post-prandial insulin secretion, inhibition of DPP4 by the gliptin family of drugs has gained considerable interest for the therapy of type 2 diabetic patients
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In vascular macrophages, exendin-4 suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression by activating the cAMP/PKA pathway and inhibiting NF-B nuclear translocation, further supporting a systemic immunomodulatory role (57)
Hyper innate responses in neonates lead to increased morbidity and mortality after infection