Management strategies for gastrointestinal effects focus on dietary modifications and gradual dose escalation
However, these are usually short-lived and resolved on their own
Uninsured costs range from the mid-hundreds to low thousands per month Tirzepatide GLP-1 & GIP dual receptor agonist : (as semaglutide, plus fat metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and enhanced satiety) SURMOUNT 1 20.9% (72 weeks) SURMOUNT 5 (40 weeks, BMI 40): -20.2% ~2021% average loss 20% loss in ~36% of users 25% in ~25% (up to 40% in SURMOUNT-3) 15mg weekly Nausea (52%) Diarrhea (33%) Vomiting (25%) Constipation (25%) Higher rate of initial GI symptoms vs
Researchers posit that when Melanotan I activates MC1R, cAMP is produced, and it activates microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) expression, which induces the expression of enzymes for eumelanin production
Listing them here identifies sources
Last reviewed: May 24, 2026 Last updated: May 24, 2026 Written by: Jay Hastings, CEO of PlexusDx Jay Hastings is the CEO of PlexusDx, a precision health company focused on genetic testing, blood biomarker insights, and personalized wellness recommendations