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For example, gut microbiota-derived indole-3-acetic acid (3-IAA), a tryptophan metabolite, accumulates in the TME and is oxidized by neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO), generating a burst of ROS

Natural hydrogels (e.g., alginate, gelatin, collagen, and hyaluronic acid) exhibit excellent biocompatibility and biological recognition but often require reinforcement to achieve adequate mechanical strength [80, 81]

IV administration can deliver doses up to 10 times higher than oral supplements

Stanley Medical Research Institute (USA)

These risks underscore the importance of receiving treatment from qualified professionals who follow proper dosing protocols

Glutathione Metabolism and Its Implications for Health